In nephelometry, at what angle is the detector typically positioned relative to the incident beam to measure scattered light?

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In nephelometry, the detector is placed at a right angle to the incident beam so it collects light that has been scattered sideways by particles rather than the intense transmitted light that continues along the beam. This 90-degree geometry minimizes interference from the unscattered beam and stray light, while still providing a strong scattered signal for many particle sizes, giving better sensitivity and signal-to-noise. The other angles are less ideal: along the beam (0 degrees) would be dominated by the transmitted light; directly opposite (180 degrees) captures backward scattering that is typically weaker and harder to collect efficiently; and 45 degrees is not the standard configuration for classic nephelometry, though some specialized setups may use different angles.